How to Thicken Stew

Stew needs to be thick to have the best flavor and texture, but reaching the right consistency can be difficult. If your stew looks too watery, have no fear! You can thicken it by adding common starches, adding flour, pureeing part of the stew, or boiling away excess liquid. Soon, you’ll be enjoying a delicious, hearty stew!

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Adding Starch

1. Use cornflour or cornstarch. Mix a tablespoon (5 grams) of cornflour or cornstarch into of water. Stir them together to make a paste, then add the paste to the stew. Stir the stew until the paste is fully mixed. Cook for 2 minutes over medium heat to allow the cornstarch to mix into the soup.^[1]
   
   • Check the consistency of the stew and add more paste if necessary. Remember to cook the soup for 2 more minutes after adding the paste.
   • Arrowroot can be substituted for cornflour or cornstarch. It has a more neutral flavor than cornstarch and can be used at varying temperatures without losing its ability to thicken foods.
2. Sprinkle in breadcrumbs or pieces of bread for a handy fix. Stir the bread into the stew, then give it time to soak in the liquid. Check the consistency after a few minutes. Bread has a mild flavor, so it shouldn't alter the taste of your stew.^[2]
   
   
   • If your stew is still too watery, add more breadcrumbs or pieces of bread. However, too much can alter the flavor.
   • You can use fresh, dried, or frozen bread crumbs.
   • If you’re using fresh bread, it’s best to choose white bread.
3. Add mashed potatoes for a creamier broth. For an easy option, remove potatoes from the stew and mash them. If you like a lot of potatoes in your stew, make a separate pot of mashed potatoes by boiling peeled potatoes, then mashing them. Add a dollop of mashed potatoes back to the stew. Stir the mashed potatoes into the stew, mixing it into the broth. Continue to add potatoes until the broth reaches your desired consistency.^[3]
   
   • Another easy option is to sprinkle dried mashed potato flakes into the stew. Add the flakes in small amounts, stirring and checking the consistency until it reaches the thickness you prefer.
   • Potatoes have a neutral taste and will not significantly alter the flavor of your stew.
4. Stir in a tablespoon (5 grams) of oats into the broth. Wait a few minutes to see how much liquid is soaked up, stirring often. Add more oats if the stew still isn’t thick enough. However, don’t add too much, as it may alter the flavor.
   
   • Ground quick oats are your best option.
   • How much you can add without altering the flavor will depend on how much stew you are making.
5. Make a roux using flour and butter. Add equal parts butter and flour to a clean saucepan. Heat them over medium or medium-low heat, stirring constantly to prevent burning. Cook the roux for 10 minutes, after which it should have a brownish-red color. Add small amounts of roux to the stew, stirring to combine. Continue to add roux to the stew until you reach your desired consistency.^[4]
   
   
   • It’s importantly to add the roux gradually to avoid having lumps in your stew.
   • The roux should enhance the flavor of the stew.
   • Vegetable oil can be substituted for the butter, if you prefer.
6. Create a flour paste for an easy option. Mix equal parts flour and water to create a paste. Then, add small dollops of the paste to your stew, stirring until it’s completely mixed. Bring the stew back to a boil so that the flour taste will dissipate.^[5]
   
   
   • If necessary, add more paste until the stew reaches the thickness you desire.
   • Flour can alter the taste of your stew, so use it sparingly. You may find the taste of the uncooked flour unpleasant.
   • Don’t add too much of the paste to your soup, as the flour could cause lumps. Similarly, you should add it slowly.

[Edit]Pureeing Part of the Stew

1. Scoop out a portion of the stew. Use a large mixing spoon or ladle to limit the risk that you’ll burn yourself. Start with . You can always puree more if necessary.^[6]
   
   • Although you can puree any part of your stew, root vegetables like carrots and potatoes are easiest.
   • Pureeing is a great option for when you want to maintain the flavor of the soup and aren’t worried about cutting down on solid ingredients.
   • Be careful when handling the stew, as it will be very hot. You could get burned, especially while blending it. Move slowly, and use towels to handle the blender or food processor and its lid.
2. Place the removed portion into a blender or food processor. Carefully pour the stew into the canister, only filling it halfway. Remember that it will quickly heat the canister, so use a towel when handling it.^[7]
   
   
   • If you want to blend more stew than fits into half of the blender or food processor container, do them in separate batches. Overfilling the canister will make it harder to chop up the solid pieces.
3. Blend the stew until it’s smooth. You may need to turn off the blender or food processor intermittently, stirring to redistribute the solids. Continue blending until the stew is a thick liquid.^[8]
   
   
   • If your blender has settings, use the puree setting.
4. Add the blended stew back to the pot. Slowly pour it back in to minimize the risk of splashing. Then, stir the stew to properly mix the pureed stew into the broth.^[9]
   
   
   • If it isn’t thick enough, you can scoop out more solids and repeat the process.

[Edit]Boiling Off Excess Liquid

1. Remove the lid from the stew. You’ll continue cooking the stew without the lid. This allows the steam to escape from the pot, rather than trapping it, which keeps the stew thin and watery.
   
   
   • Keep in mind that this will make the flavor of your stew more concentrated, which may make it too strong. For example, it could taste very salty.^[10]
2. Bring the stew to a gentle boil on medium-high heat. You want to create a slow boil, so use the lowest setting that allows you to maintain a boil. Watch the stew to make sure that it doesn’t start to burn.^[11]
   
   
   
   • Turn down the heat if it starts to boil too much.
3. Stir the soup until it reaches your desired thickness. Use a large plastic or wooden spoon. Constantly stirring will help avoid burning the soup. Additionally, you’ll be able to better monitor the thickness.^[12]
   
   
   
   • Stand back from the pot, as the evaporating steam could burn your skin.
4. Remove the stew from the heat once the liquid has boiled down. Turn off your burner and move the pot to a cool part of the stove or a cooling pad. Allow the soup to cool for a few minutes, stirring occasionally.
   

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

• Rice, coconut, tapioca, or almond flours can be made into a roux for the gluten-intolerant who can't use wheat flour.
• Avoid adding flour straight to the stew. This creates lumps that can ruin the taste of your stew.
• If you don’t mind altering your recipe, you can try adding pasta to the stew. For example, elbow pasta, shells, or rigatoni could be added. However, this significantly alters the taste, in most cases.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

• Thicken Beef Stew
• Thicken Sauce
• Thicken Soup

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/thickening-with-cornstarch-or-flour/
2. ↑ http://dish.allrecipes.com/thickening-soups/
3. ↑ http://dish.allrecipes.com/thickening-soups/
4. ↑ https://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/cooking-basics/how-to-make-roux/
5. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-thicken-stew
6. ↑ http://dish.allrecipes.com/thickening-soups/
7. ↑ http://dish.allrecipes.com/thickening-soups/
8. ↑ http://dish.allrecipes.com/thickening-soups/
9. ↑ http://dish.allrecipes.com/thickening-soups/
10. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-thicken-stew
11. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-thicken-stew
12. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-thicken-stew

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How to Get Organized in High School

If you’re in high school, you’ve probably got a lot on your plate! You might feel overwhelmed juggling school work, friends, family, and extracurricular activities. You’re not alone. Luckily, there are several steps you can take to make it easier to organize your life. You can start by choosing some tools like a planner or app that will keep track of your schedule. You can also feel prepared for anything once you've developed a good study routine and taken some steps to start planning for your future.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Scheduling Your Time Wisely

1. Buy a planner. A planner is an easy way to keep track of your schedule and stay organized. As a student, you're probably on the go a lot. It's a good idea to choose a planner that is small enough that you can easily carry it or find room for it in your backpack. There are also school planner apps available for your smartphone. They show you your timetable and you can write notes or tips or reminders.^[1]
   
   • Look at several planners before choosing one. You might like one that has daily pages, or you might prefer weekly or monthly pages.
   • Write down all of your to-do items and scheduled activities in your planner.
   • Jazz it up by using fun pen colors or stickers!
2. Use an app to keep track of your schedule. If a traditional planner isn’t for you, that’s okay! You can find an app on your phone that will help you keep track of your schedule. The bonus is that you will probably always have your calendar on hand. ^[2]
   
   • Try Any.do to keep track of reminders and events.
   • Try Listastic to manage multiple to-do lists.
   • Try Focus Booster to help you divide your schedule into manageable chunks.^[3]
3. Make a to-do list for each day. When you have a lot of tasks to juggle, it can be easy to forget 1 or 2 of them. Instead of stressing about forgetting something, write down a list of things you need to do each day. You could either make your lists at the beginning of the week or each night before you go to bed. Your list might look something like this: ^[4]
   
   • Go to soccer practice.
   • Study for Biology quiz.
   • Take the dog for a walk.
   • Take my turn making dinner.
4. Schedule even small activities. You can manage to stay on track if you make your calendar really detailed. It might seem unnecessary, but you can save a lot of stress if you set aside time for even the smallest tasks. You might not think of these as scheduled activities, but you should mark out time for them even if they just take a few minutes. As a bonus, you’ll get great satisfaction from crossing lots of things off your list each day! Some short tasks you might list include:^[5]
   
   • Setting out your clothes for the next day.
   • Packing your lunch.
   • Sending a birthday card to your grandmother.
   • Watching the latest episode of your favorite show.
5. Commit to just a few extracurricular activities. It might be tempting to join a club just because your friends are in it or run for a leadership position just because it will look good on your college application. But the quality of your involvement is more important that the quantity. Choose one or two activities that you really care about and participate in them. Concentrate your energy on doing something that you love. ^[6]
   
   • If you are passionate about the environment, see if your club has an Environmental Club that you can join.
   • If you're really into music, you might want to invest your time in playing in the marching band or singing in a choir.

[Edit]Creating an Effective Study Plan

1. Create realistic goals. As a high school student, studying probably takes up a lot of your time. Work on finding study methods that work best for you so that you can save time. Start by setting some clear goals for yourself. Create both long-term and short-term goals. Write down things like:^[7]
   
   • Get an A in Biology.
   • Pass the AP exam in History.
   • Improve grade on next French quiz.
2. Write down all of the steps necessary to achieve those goals. After you list all of your goals, break each one down into manageable steps. Make sure to jot down any important dates, like exam days. This will help you make sure that any major deadlines don’t sneak up on you. For example, if your goal is to get an A in Biology, you might write down steps such as: ^[8]
   
   • Review notes for 10 minutes each night.
   • Start studying for tests 1 week before the test day.
   • Ask teacher for extra credit assignments.
3. Find a study method that works with your learning style. Some people are visual learners while others do best listening to material. Try out a few different ways of studying to see what works for you. If you find that flashcards really help you retain information, you’re probably a visual learner. If you do better when a friend verbally quizzes you, you’re more of an auditory learner. It also helps to use multiple learning styles as opposed to just one.^[9]
   
   • Experiment with different methods. You can always use more than 1 way to study!
   • Feel free to use different methods during the same study session.
   • If you're a kinesthetic learner, try studying someplace where you can stand up and walk around, and maybe even draw out your thinking on a whiteboard.^[10]
4. Make time to study every day. You can stay organized by creating an effective study schedule. That means setting aside a little bit of time for school work each day. It’s easy to find little pieces of time in your schedule each day. It’s much harder to find hours in a day each time you need to cram for a test or write a big paper. ^[11]
   
   • Studying in small chunks will also help you better retain information. Aim for about an hour each day.
5. Set up a good study space. If you have a go-to study spot, you won’t have to waste time looking for a place to study each day. Set up an area in your house where you can do your homework undisturbed. It might be a desk in your bedroom or a quiet corner in the den. Try to choose a spot that doesn’t have a television. ^[12]
   
   • Make it clear to your family members that you don’t want to be disturbed when you’re in your study spot.
   • Set yourself up for success by gathering all the supplies you’ll need. Grab your books, notes, and computer. Don’t forget to grab something to drink and a healthy snack!
   • If you can’t find the perfect study spot at home, consider going to either your local or school library.
   • Keep in mind your learning style when choosing a study space. For instance, if you're an auditory learner you probably want to be someplace quiet, where you won't get distracted and confused by the noises around you.^[13]

[Edit]Setting Yourself Up for Success in the Future

1. Map out your classes early in your high school career. Colleges are typically looking for students who have a wide breadth of knowledge. This means that you should try to take a variety of classes in a number of fields. Begin planning your classes as early as your freshman year to make sure you fit everything in. Don’t worry, you’ll still have time to take classes that interest you! Plan to take classes in each of these areas: ^[14]
   
   • English. Take an English class each year and aim for a mix of writing and literature courses, if your school offers all of these options.
   • Math. Take at least 3 years of high school math. Look for a combination of Algebra I, Algebra II, Geometry, Trigonometry, and Calculus.
   • Science. Take at least 3 years of high school science. Try a combination of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Earth Science.
   • Social Studies. Take at least 3 years in this area, with a mix of U.S. history, world history, and government classes.
   • Foreign Language. Colleges like to see students with a good foundation of foreign language skills, so take at least 3 years in high school.
   • Arts. Colleges look for well-rounded students, so take at least 2 years of art courses. These might be studio art, music, or drama.
2. Challenge yourself with AP courses or honors courses. You can really help yourself feel ready for college by taking some more difficult high school courses. Look through the offerings of AP and honors classes and choose a couple to take. Choose classes that play to your strengths. ^[15]
   
   • For example, if you’re great with words, you might want to take honors English instead of AP physics.
   • You might also be able to get college credit or place out of entrance exams by taking these types of classes.
3. Prepare for important tests like the SATs and other entrance exams. Most colleges in the U.S. require you to take the SAT to gain admission. This might seem really daunting, but don’t worry! There are lots of ways you can prepare. Start by choosing the date of your exam well in advance and creating a study schedule for yourself.^[16]
   
   • You can take review and prep courses in person or online. These are really helpful and can make you feel much more confident.
4. Meet with your guidance counselor to discuss your plans. Your college counselor can be a great resource! They can offer you personalized advice about your high school and college plans. Make an appointment to meet with the counselor and discuss any questions you have. ^[17]
   
   • You can ask the counselor about the best classes to take, wise extracurricular choices, and about which colleges they might recommend.
5. Plan ahead to meet your college application deadlines. College applications take a lot of work, but with careful planning, you can make sure to get everything done. Applications are typically due in the fall, so you’ll want to be working on your applications over the summer. Start by making a list of the colleges you want to apply to and gathering all of the application information. Make a list of important things to remember, such as:^[18]
   
   • The date when each application is due.
   • Who will provide your recommendations and when you will request them.
   • A schedule for working on each application and when you will complete it. It’s a good idea to start with the application that is due first.

[Edit]Video

[Edit]Tips

• Adjust your schedule as necessary. You don’t want to burn yourself out by doing to much.
• Ask your teachers for help if you fall behind in your classes. In most cases, if you’re kind to the teacher, when you ask for help, they will happily give it to you.
• Use your extra time in the summer to volunteer or get an internship. Those look great on college applications!
• Be sure you use your schedule given to you at the beginning of the year to your advantage. Using it will help you know exactly when you have all of your classes.
• Keep your room and locker neat.
• Work hard but make sure to have good friendships and have fun too!
• Reduce stress by getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet.
• Try asking your friends for help. They may have some more tips to help you stay organized, if you are still having trouble.
• If you ever have trouble finding a class, even if you aren’t a freshman or new student, don’t be afraid to ask a teacher for help.

[Edit]Related wikiHows

• Be Organized in School
• Be Organized
• Be Organized in Middle School
• Survive High School
• Excel in High School

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/best-planner
2. ↑ https://www.unigo.com/get-to-college/college-prep/5-time-management-tips-for-high-school-students
3. ↑ https://www.topuniversities.com/blog/top-time-management-apps-students-2015
4. ↑ https://www.unigo.com/get-to-college/college-prep/5-time-management-tips-for-high-school-students
5. ↑ https://www.unigo.com/get-to-college/college-prep/5-time-management-tips-for-high-school-students
6. ↑ https://blog.collegevine.com/how-to-balance-your-involvement/
7. ↑ https://www.developgoodhabits.com/study-schedule/
8. ↑ https://www.developgoodhabits.com/study-schedule/
9. ↑ https://www.developgoodhabits.com/study-schedule/
10. ↑ [v161441_b01]. 18 June 2020.
11. ↑ https://www.developgoodhabits.com/study-schedule/
12. ↑ http://faculty.bucks.edu/specpop/time-manage.htm
13. ↑ [v161441_b01]. 18 June 2020.
14. ↑ https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/get-in/your-high-school-record/high-school-classes-colleges-look-for
15. ↑ https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/get-in/your-high-school-record/high-school-classes-colleges-look-for
16. ↑ https://www.collegecovered.com/getting-into-college/sat-act/7-ways-to-prepare-for-the-sat-and-act/
17. ↑ http://www.gocollege.com/admissions/preparing/high-school/counselors.html
18. ↑ https://www.mycollegeoptions.org/Core/SiteContent/Students/Advice/College-Resource-Center/Getting-in---Applying-to-College/College-Applications---the-Application-Process/Admissions-Plans-and-Deadlines.aspx

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How to Make an Infinity Scarf

Infinity scarves are one of the coziest trends around. These long scarves are connected at the ends so you can loop them into an infinity symbol or figure 8 shape before you pop the loops onto your head. Sewing an infinity scarf is a great beginner project since you're only stitching a few seams, but you can also turn an existing scarf into a no-sew infinity scarf. If you're more comfortable working with yarn, try crocheting or knitting your own infinity scarf.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Basic Infinity Scarf

1. Choose stylish fabric to make your infinity scarf. Buy a length of fabric from a wide bolt. Look for a comfortable fabric in a color that you like. If you plan on washing the scarf, read the care label to learn if you can toss it in the washing machine and dryer.
   
   • If you'll be wearing the infinity scarf during chillier weather, pick a heavy, textured fabric. For lighter weather, choose a softer, lightweight fabric like cotton.
   • If you're using cotton fabric, wash and dry it to preshrink the material before you cut it.
2. Cut the fabric so it's long. Use a sharp pair of scissors to cut a piece of fabric so it's a long rectangle that's long. If your fabric is wider than cut it until it's wide, which is the standard width of fabric bolts.^[1]
   
   
   • To make a fuller infinity scarf, wrap the fabric around your neck a few times and trim 1 end until the scarf is as short as you want.
3. Fold the fabric in half lengthwise and pin the raw edges together. Lay the strip of fabric flat so the pattern faces up. Then, fold the raw edges over and line them up with the bottom layer of fabric. Push sewing pins through the fabric edges every few inches to keep the material in place.^[2]
   
   
   • The wrong side of the fabric should be facing up, which means that the right sides with the pattern are touching.
4. Use a sewing machine to straight stitch along the length of the scarf. Start sewing at 1 end of the pinned edge and sew across to the other end. Leave a seam allowance as you sew. The seam allowance is the space between the edge of your fabric and the seam line you're stitching.^[3]
   
   
   • If you're using a stretchy fabric, set your machine to make zigzag stitches instead of straight stitches. The zigzag stitches are more flexible so they won't break if you pull on the scarf.
5. Pull the ends of the tube together and pin the edges. Reach your hand down through the fabric tube you just made and grab the end. Pull it up towards the other end of the tube. Then, line up the short ends so the seams are touching and insert sewing pins around the edge of the tube.^[4]
   
   
   • Don't flip all of the tube right side out or the seams on the short ends of the tube will be visible on your finished scarf. This is why it's important to leave a gap when you sew the short ends; you'll reach in and completely turn the fabric right side out.
6. Straight stitch around the end of the tube and leave a gap. Straight stitch around the edge you just pinned and leave a seam allowance. Keep sewing around the edge of the tube until you're away from where you started sewing.^[5]
   
   
   • Remove the pins as you work so you don't accidentally sew over them and damage your machine.
7. Pull the scarf right side out and slip stitch the gap closed. Reach into the gap you left and flip the patterned side of the fabric out. Then, thread a sewing needle with matching thread and insert the needle through 1 edge of the gap. To slip stitch, sew back and forth between the seam allowance until you reach the stitches that you sewed with the machine.^[6]
   
   
   • To wear your new infinity scarf, twist the scarf in the middle to make 2 loops and stack the loops. Stick your head through them and fluff the scarf around your neck.

[Edit]No-Sew Infinity Scarf

1. Lay a T-shirt flat and cut off the bottom seam. Use an old or new T-shirt that's the color you'd like your infinity scarf to be. Spread it flat and smooth out any wrinkles. Then, take a pair of sharp scissors and carefully cut across the bottom hem to remove about of fabric.^[7]
   
   
   
   • Check to see that you're cutting through both layers of the shirt. If your scissors aren't sharp enough to cut through 2 layers of material, cut across the top layer and turn the shirt over so you can keep cutting.
2. Cut across the middle of the shirt just below the armpits. You don't need the sleeves or neckline for your scarf, so cut across the shirt at the armpit level. If you'd like a narrow scarf, cut lower towards the bottom.^[8]
   
   
   • The higher you cut, the wider or thicker your scarf will be. For a really skinny infinity scarf, cut across the shirt closer to the belly.
3. Stretch the tube of fabric and twist it into a figure 8. Take the tube between both of your hands and pull it apart. Keep pulling so you see the fabric stretch and curl slightly at the edges. Then, twist it in the center to make a figure 8 or infinity shape that you can fold in half and slip over your head.^[9]
   
   
   • If you made a skinny infinity scarf, you could pair it with another skinny infinity scarf in a complementary color.

[Edit]Yarn Infinity Scarf

1. Choose a bulky yarn and get out a crochet hook or needle. Most infinity scarves are full and thick, so pick a bulky yarn in any color you like. Read the yarn label to see which hook or needle sizes to use with the yarn.^[10]
   
   • If you'd like to make a multicolored infinity scarf, get 2 different colors or find yarn that's multicolored.
2. Knit or crochet a scarf that's at least wide and long. You can follow any pattern you like or repeat a simple stitch to make a scarf that's at least wide. For example, knit a simple garter stitch or work double crochet to make the scarf. Then, bind off the edge.^[11]
   
   
   • If you want to make a large, loose infinity scarf, try knitting it with your arm!
3. Twist the scarf in the middle and line up the ends. Spread your finished scarf flat on a work surface and twist it in the center. Fold half of the scarf over so the scarf has both the right side and wrong side facing up. Then, carefully bring the ends together and line up the edges.^[12]
   
   
   • Twisting the tube gives your infinity scarf a little more volume and texture. If you want the infinity scarf to simply be a tube that you twist when you wear, don't twist the scarf before you join the ends.
4. Whipstitch the 2 ends together to join the scarf. Thread a large tapestry or yarn needle with at least of the same yarn as your scarf. Bring it up through the bottom stitch on 1 edge and pull to leave a yarn tail. Insert the needle through the bottom stitch on the opposite edge of the scarf. Then, sew across the edges into the next stitch from the bottom. Whipstitch until you reach the other end of the scarf.^[13]
   
   
   • Keep your stitches slightly loose since you'll be pulling them once you've finished seaming.
5. Pull both ends of the yarn to hide the stitches and weave in the tails. Once you've sewn stitches back and forth across the edges, hold the yarn tail in 1 hand and the working yarn in your other hand. Pull them in opposite directions so the edges of the scarf come together to hide the stitches. Then, thread a tail onto a tapestry needle and sew the tail into the edge of the scarf.^[14]
   
   
   • Stop pulling as soon as the edges meet. If you pull too hard and the fabric puckers, just tug the fabric edges in opposite directions until they loosen.

[Edit]Tips

• For the easiest no-sew infinity scarf, take a long scarf and tie the ends together in a knot. To wear the scarf, twist it in the middle to make a figure 8 and put your head through both loops.
• If you don't have a sewing machine or don't feel comfortable stitching the scarf, don't worry! Lay a strip of fusible bonding tape between the edges and iron the scarf.

[Edit]Things You'll Need

[Edit]Basic Infinity Scarf

• of fabric
• Sewing pins
• Sewing machine
• Scissors
• Sewing needle

[Edit]No-Sew Infinity Scarf

• T-shirt
• Scissors

[Edit]Yarn Infinity Scarf

• Bulky yarn
• Crochet hook or knitting needles
• Scissors
• Thread or tapestry needle

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://youtu.be/zRyCWbe0Xfc?t=68
2. ↑ https://youtu.be/zRyCWbe0Xfc?t=85
3. ↑ https://sewguide.com/make-infinity-scarf/
4. ↑ https://sewguide.com/make-infinity-scarf/
5. ↑ https://youtu.be/zRyCWbe0Xfc?t=135
6. ↑ https://sewguide.com/slip-stitch/
7. ↑ https://youtu.be/ymLiROniabw?t=20
8. ↑ http://archive.jsonline.com/features/fashion/From-T-shirt-to-infinity-scarf-in-just-two-cuts-232392131.html
9. ↑ https://youtu.be/ymLiROniabw?t=43
10. ↑ https://knitfarious.com/free-cowl-knitting-patterns-for-beginners/
11. ↑ https://sewguide.com/scarf-shawl-stole-wrap-measurement/
12. ↑ https://youtu.be/B2t3EylFmFc?t=110
13. ↑ https://youtu.be/B2t3EylFmFc?t=231
14. ↑ https://youtu.be/B2t3EylFmFc?t=258

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How to Drill Into Brick

Few DIY projects cause a homeowner to pause quite like the prospect of drilling into brick. The good news is that this isn’t nearly as difficult as it may sound. Drilling into brick isn’t all that different from drilling into drywall, although you do need a special masonry drill bit and probably a wall anchor to keep the brick or mortar from falling apart over time. Still, there’s no reason you can’t safely get this done in just a few minutes!

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Preparation and Equipment

1. Drill directly into the brick if it’s newer and you’re hanging something heavy. The age-old debate between contractors and DIY enthusiasts is whether to drill into the brick or the mortar. Conventional thinking says that if the brick is on the newer side or you need to hang something weighing more than a few pounds, it’s best to drill directly into the brick.^[1]
   
   • Brick is stronger than mortar, so this is ideal if you’re mounting a TV or something like that. Unfortunately, you can’t patch brick the same way you can patch mortar, so just make sure you’re ready to hang the item if you’re drilling straight into the brick.
   • If you’re drilling directly into brick, use a wall anchor. A screw may come loose or cause the brick to degrade over time.^[2] Wall anchors come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, but they list the weight they can hold and the materials they’re for on the packaging.
2. Go into the mortar if the brick is older or you’re hanging something light. Say you’re hanging a lightweight wall planter for a small patch of basil or your brick isn’t in the greatest shape. You should drill into the mortar.^[3] Mortar disintegrates faster than brick once drilled, but you can always patch it in the future.^[4]
   
   • As bricks age, they tend to become softer. If the bricks aren’t in the best shape, drilling into a brick may cause structural damage to the wall.
   • If you’re going into the mortar and you aren’t hanging anything heavy, you can just use a drywall or masonry screw. You don’t need a wall anchor.
3. Measure and mark the location where you want to drill. Grab a permanent marker to mark the location where you want to drive your screw. If you’re hanging anything that requires more than one screw, measure the distance between the screw slots and use that measurement to determine where your screws will go.^[5]
   
4. Put a drill bit designed specifically for masonry into your drill. You must use a masonry bit to drive a hole in the brick or masonry (carbide masonry bits are ideal).^[6] The size of the drill bit needed depends on the size of your anchor (or screw if you aren’t using an anchor). Hold the pilot bit up to your anchor. If the threads on the anchor barely stick out past the sides of the drill bit, it should work.^[7]
   
   • If you’re going into the brick directly, you may need a power drill if the brick is especially new or strong. Luckily, you can rent one of these from any big box home improvement store.^[8]
5. Wrap a piece of tape around the drill bit where you’ll need to stop drilling. Hold the screw or anchor up to the tip of your drill bit so they’re parallel to one another. Wrap a piece of electrical or painter’s tape around the drill bit just above the very edge of your anchor or screw. This will give you a reference point for when you need to stop drilling.^[9]
   
   • If you have a drill stop, feel free to use that instead. The tape trick is totally fine and will keep you from spending money on a bit of gear you’ll likely never use again.
6. Put on safety goggles, gloves, and an N95 respirator. Drilling into brick or mortar may send bits of rock flying all over the place, and it will knock all kinds of nasty dust into the air. Throw on some safety goggles, put on some leather gloves, and wear a respirator. This will keep you safe while you’re drilling into the brick.^[10]
   
   • If you’re doing this outside and you’re only drilling one hole, feel free to wear a regular dust mask.

[Edit]Pilot Hole

1. Set your drill to the lowest speed and highest torque setting. You want torque and control here, and a higher drill speed may cause the bit to slide off of the wall. This can be dangerous if you don’t have total control over the drill. Turn the drill speed all the way down to prevent this. If you have a torque setting on your drill, turn the torque up as high as it goes.^[11]
   
   • The torque setting is often referred to as the power setting. If your drill has one of these, it’s probably the sliding tab on the top of the drill. The “1” is usually the high torque setting.^[12]
2. Position the drill bit so it’s perpendicular to the wall. Hold the pilot bit up to the location you’ve marked and rest it against the wall. Line your drill up so that the pilot bit sits perpendicular to the surface you’re drilling into.^[13]
   
   • Really take your time to make sure the drill is perpendicular. There’s going to be a fair bit of resistance once you start drilling, so it’s key you know where you have to hold the drill while you pull the trigger.
3. Hold the drill with both hands and use a bit of force to start drilling. Grip the drill firmly and pull the trigger. As soon as the tip of the drill bit catches on the brick or mortar, push the drill forward with a firm but controlled amount of force to push the bit in further.^[14]
   
   • If the drill bit skirts off of the wall, release the trigger and try again. You have to hold the drill totally steady for the bit to catch.
4. Guide the bit all the way to the piece of tape on your bit. Continue pushing the drill bit into the wall while you’re holding the trigger down. Keep an eye on the piece of tape that you put on the drill bit and release the trigger once you’ve reached the edge of your tape. Then, reverse the direction of the drill, pull the trigger, and slowly guide the bit out of the wall.^[15]
   

[Edit]Wall Anchor or Screw

1. Vacuum the hole to remove any dust. Brick and mortar aren’t hollow, so any dust or chunks of brick you dislodged with your pilot bit are just sitting in that hole. Grab a vacuum and hold the hose up to the hole. Set the vacuum to the highest suction level and turn the vacuum on to pull out any debris.^[16]
   
   • This is the ideal time to vacuum up any brick or mortar dust on the ground as well!
2. Push the wall anchor into place if there’s no threading. If you’re using a wall anchor with parallel tabs on it, or the side is totally smooth, simply push the anchor directly into the pilot hole. If it gets stuck or the hole isn’t big enough to get the anchor in all the way, grab a hammer and just gently tab the back of the anchor to push it in.^[17]
   
   • If you’re drilling directly into the brick or you’re drilling into the mortar and hanging something heavier than , you must use a wall anchor.
   • Continue pushing or tapping your anchor into the hole until it’s flush with the surface of the brick.
   • Install the screw into the anchor using a regular screwdriver.
3. Use the drill or a screwdriver to install threaded anchors. If you’re using a wall anchor with threading, turn your drill to the lowest setting and slowly drive it into the pilot hole. If you want to be extra careful, you can use a screwdriver if you prefer, although this is going to be pretty tough on your forearms! Continue driving your anchor into place until it’s flush with the wall.^[18]
   
   • If you have a hex anchor, use a socket wrench to install it in the wall instead of a drill or screwdriver.
   • Install your screw in the anchor with a standard screwdriver.
4. Drill your screw into place if you aren’t using an anchor. If you are just hanging something light on the brick and you went into the mortar, you may not need an anchor. Simply put a regular drill bit into your drill and carefully drive the screw into the hole you drilled.^[19]
   
   • You may be able to use a screwdriver, but it’s probably going to be pretty tough.
   • If you’re hanging something, keep in mind that you’ll need an extra of the screw sticking out of the wall!

[Edit]Things You’ll Need

• Measuring tape
• Permanent marker
• Masonry drill bit
• Cordless drill or power drill
• Wall anchor
• Drywall or masonry screw
• Protective goggles
• Leather gloves
• N95 respirator or dust mask
• Electrical tape or painter’s tape

[Edit]References

1. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
2. ↑ https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/wall-hanging-myths-busted
3. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
4. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/masonry/22423298/how-to-drill-into-brick
5. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/masonry/22423298/how-to-drill-into-brick
6. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
7. ↑ https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/how-to-choose-correct-drill-bit-36894049
8. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
9. ↑ https://youtu.be/qVroeDTh7yc?t=97
10. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
11. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
12. ↑ https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/how-to/g2661/how-to-adjust-a-drill-driver/
13. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/how-to-drill-into-brick/
14. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/masonry/22423298/how-to-drill-into-brick
15. ↑ https://youtu.be/qVroeDTh7yc?t=161
16. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/masonry/22423298/how-to-drill-into-brick
17. ↑ https://youtu.be/qVroeDTh7yc?t=178
18. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/masonry/22423298/how-to-drill-into-brick
19. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/masonry/22423298/how-to-drill-into-brick

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How to Chop Down a Tree

Chopping down a tree is definitely a big undertaking, but it’s not as hard as you might think. As long as you have the right equipment and take some precautions, you can safely fell a tree on your own. Keep reading for a step-by-step guide through this straightforward process.

[Edit]Steps

[Edit]Check that there are no hazards or other obstructions nearby.

1. Make sure there's enough space for the tree to fall without hitting anything. Roughly estimate the tree’s total height, then check that there are no buildings, structures, or power lines that your tree could collide with after you cut it down. While you’re at it, make sure that no people, pets, or other obstacles are anywhere in this radius, either.^[1]
   
   • Postpone your tree-felling plans for another day if the upcoming weather forecast calls for rain or wind.^[2]
   • Play it safe and consult a tree-felling professional for a second opinion if you’re worried about your tree’s location.

[Edit]Grab your chainsaw and safety gear.

1. Safety equipment helps keep you protected as you work with your chainsaw. Always slide into a pair of sturdy, close-toed shoes, like leather boots, so your feet are completely protected. To guard your arms and legs, wear chainsaw chaps or pants, as well as a long-sleeved top. Then, put on a hard hat and some goggles to protect your head and eyes. Wear work gloves and earmuffs or earplugs, too.^[3]
   
   • Experts suggest using a chainsaw to chop down most trees. An ax will work if you’re handling a really small tree or sapling; otherwise, a chainsaw is your best bet.^[4]
   • A chainsaw with a bar is a good choice for small- or medium-sized trees, while a bar is a better option for bigger trees. Use a larger bar if you’re planning to cut a large tree into firewood, too.
   • In general, only chop down trees that have a smaller diameter than the length of your chainsaw.^[5] For example, you wouldn’t use a chainsaw to fell a wide tree.

[Edit]Predict where the tree will fall.

1. Use the tree’s natural lean as a guide. Usually, the way the tree leans is the direction it should fall.^[6] Then, double-check that there’s enough space for your tree to safely go down, and make sure the ground is completely flat and level before you get started.^[7]
   
   • If the ground is uneven, call a professional for help. You don’t want your tree rolling or bouncing after it hits the dirt.

[Edit]Trim away any underbrush before you chop down the tree.

1. Grab a pair of pruning shears and cut away any extra growths around the tree’s trunk.^[8] If the tree has a lot of low-hanging branches, trim those away as well.^[9] Carry all the debris away from the tree once you’re done.
   

[Edit]Find your escape route.

1. Make sure you can get out of the way when the tree falls. Start by facing the opposite direction of where the tree will fall. Then, turn yourself 45 degrees to the left—this is your ideal escape path.^[10]
   
   • Create an escape path that’s at least long, so you can be a safe distance away from the tree as it goes down.^[11]
   • As an extra precaution, plan a second escape route that's 90 degrees to the right of your first escape route.^[12]

[Edit]Cut the first half of the notch.

1. Create the notch on the side of the tree where you’d like it to fall. Stand to the right of where you’ll be cutting the notch. While holding the chainsaw horizontally, cut into the trunk at a 70-degree angle—this cut will be the first part of your notch.^[13] Continue slicing until you’ve cut about ⅓ of the way into the tree trunk.^[14]
   
   • Picture this notch as a triangle. The outer tree bark makes up one side of the triangle. During this step, you’ll be creating the long, diagonal edge of your triangle.
   • Always wear your helmet, goggles, gloves, and ear protection before you turn on and use your chainsaw.

[Edit]Complete the notch.

1. Make a horizontal cut directly beneath the angled cut. Continue holding the chainsaw horizontally, lining up the chainsaw with the very bottom of the angled cut. Then, cut in a straight line, eventually connecting with the end of the angled cut. At this point, a triangular chunk of wood will fall out of the tree.^[15]
   
   • With this cut, you’ll create the flat, bottom edge of the triangle.
   • Make this bottom cut no more than above the ground.^[16]

[Edit]Cut along the opposite side of the tree.

1. Line up your chainsaw with your notch along the uncut side of the tree. Then, cut into the trunk in a smooth horizontal line.^[17]
   
   • Before cutting, some people like to hammer felling wedges into the gap. These are small, triangular tools that help you complete your felling cut. Always lock your chainsaw before using any of these wedges.

[Edit]Finish your felling cut.

1. Continue sawing until the tree starts to give way. As a general rule of thumb, stop cutting when about 10% of the total tree trunk is left between your notch and your felling cut. At this point, your tree should start leaning and falling.^[18]
   
   • Always stand to the right side of the notch as you cut, keeping the chainsaw perpendicular to the tree trunk.
   • If you used any felling wedges, unlock your chainsaw blade before you continue cutting.

[Edit]Move away as the tree falls.

1. Use your escape route to get away from the tree. Once the tree starts tipping, turn on the chainsaw’s chain brake and pull it out of the tree. Then, run down your escape path so you’re a safe distance away. As you back away, continue watching the tree to make sure it doesn’t tilt or fall in your direction.^[19]
   

[Edit]Tips

• When trimming branches off your fallen tree, make 2 cuts along the branch so your chainsaw blade doesn’t bind. Make a small cut on top, and then cut upward from the bottom of the branch.^[20]
• When cutting logs, slice about a third of the way through the top of the trunk. Then, move your chainsaw directly below the trunk, shifting it to the right or left of your original cut. Cut upward with the chainsaw, slicing all the way through the trunk.^[21]

[Edit]Warnings

• Double-check for any obstacles before you start chopping down any trees. Also, make sure the tree is a safe distance away from your home and any other nearby buildings.^[22]
• If you aren’t experienced with chainsaws, consider renting or buying a reduced kickback saw chain. It’s slower than other types of chainsaws, but it’s a lot safer to use.^[23]
• Never use a chainsaw without the proper safety equipment, like sturdy boots, safety glasses, work gloves, long pants, and earplugs.^[24]
• Never look away from the chainsaw bar while chopping down a tree.^[25]

[Edit]References

[Edit]Quick Summary

1. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=0m37s
2. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
3. ↑ https://stormwise.uconn.edu/thinking-of-cutting-down-a-small-tree-safety-first/#
4. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
5. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=0m9s
6. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=0m51s
7. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
8. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=0m55s
9. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
10. ↑ https://stormwise.uconn.edu/thinking-of-cutting-down-a-small-tree-safety-first/#
11. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
12. ↑ https://stormwise.uconn.edu/thinking-of-cutting-down-a-small-tree-safety-first/#
13. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIBeL-3RB1U&t=2m45s
14. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
15. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=1m14s
16. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
17. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
18. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=105s
19. ↑ https://www.bobvila.com/articles/felling-a-tree/
20. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=1m54s
21. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os2vrOT8F1Q&t=2m31s
22. ↑ https://www.thisoldhouse.com/landscaping/21017220/how-to-cut-down-a-tree-safely
23. ↑ https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/reviews/a11294/7-simple-chainsaw-safety-rules-17209863/
24. ↑ https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/reviews/a11294/7-simple-chainsaw-safety-rules-17209863/
25. ↑ https://www.popularmechanics.com/home/tools/reviews/a11294/7-simple-chainsaw-safety-rules-17209863/

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